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According to the “Introduction to IOT” by Bagha and Medissa, the Internet of Things, or IoT is a dynamic global network infrastructure with self-configuring capabilities based on standard and interoperable communication protocols where physical and virtual “things” have identities, physical attributes, and virtual personalities that use intelligent interfaces and are seamlessly integrated into the information network, often communicate data associated with users and their environments. In simple words, IOT is a network of interrelated devices that connect and interact with Other IOT devices and their environment. The IOT devices are embedded with various sensors and software.
The “Things” in IoT usually refer to IoT devices with unique identities that can perform remote sensing, actuating, and monitoring capabilities. IoT devices can exchange data with other connected devices and applications (directly or indirectly), or collect data from other devices and process the data either locally or send the data to centralized servers or cloud-based application back-ends for processing the data, or perform some tasks locally and other tasks within the IoT infrastructure, based on temporal and space constraints (i.e., memory, processing capabilities, communication latencies, and speeds, and deadlines).
An IoT device consists of various smart devices having sensors embedded into them. These sensors collect the data by considering different conditions. These devices store the information and then share this data through a gateway, which acts as a central passage for the data. This shared data is stored on the cloud or a different server.
Then this cloud or servers work on the data. The data is processed and analyzed to extract important information. Then the instructions are sent to the device based on the result and changes are made accordingly.
Finally, this data is shared with different devices to increase the user experience and to keep them up-to-date so that they can make improvements in the future.
The IoT has numerous applications in a variety of industries. IoT devices are meant to collect and communicate data via the Internet, allowing for process automation, monitoring, and control. Here are some examples of frequent IoT device applications:
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