UTILIZATION OF PLASTIC IN CONSTRUCTION OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT | Get Civil Engineering project topics and ideas for study and research. we provide the widest list of Civil Engineering final year projects to help students, researchers & engineers in their R&D.
Table of Contents
Abstract
Introduction -:
India has a road network of over 3.314 million roadway, making it the third largest road network in the world. Roads can be concrete roads or tar roads. In each case, Aggregates remain a most important and high content constituent of the road which is not eco-friendly.
Objective -:
In this project, we are trying to replace the Aggregates which is used in large amount for road construction. The use of high content of Aggregate causing imbalance in the Ecology of Earth due to the destruction of hills. In this project, we are trying to replace the stone aggregates by waste plastic aggregates. This will reduce the plastic waste and help in conservation of the ecosystem.
Methodology -:
To achieve the above-mentioned objective we are using the methodology of Comparison.
We are comparing the properties of stone aggregates and plastic aggregates based on above-mentioned objectives with varying content of plastic aggregates.
Outcome -: road construct
This will, in turn, make road construction eco-friendly as we are using by-product which has disposal problem and will prevent the destruction of hills and maintain eco-balance of Earth.
Keywords
Plastic, Eco-Friendly, Properties
INTRODUCTION
Purpose and scope:
Plastic, a versatile material and a friend to common man becomes a problem to the environment after its use. Most used materials like carrying bags and bottles are made up of Polythene and Polypropylene. In addition to these, there are other molded plastics. Today such solid wastes create a big problem of pollution and its management.
Polythene carry bags obtained from low density polyethylene (LDPE) films are widely used in India by wholesale traders as well as millions of retailers in almost every field and commerce. This has been a serious threat of disposal of these non-biodegradable bags after their use. An attempt has been made for laboratory assessment of utilizing polythene bags (PE) for modifying properties of stone aggregate as it is now established that LDPE from which these bags are manufactured is a good modifier of bitumen. Traditional tests have been mostly adopted as per Indian Road Congress (IRC) specifications to study the basic properties of stone aggregates.
Roads:
India has a road network of over 3.314 million kilometers of roadway, making it the third largest road networkin the world. At 0.66 km of highway per square kilometer of land the density of India’s highway network is higher than that of the United States (0.65) and far higher than that of China’s (0.16) or Brazil’s (0.20). As of 2002, only 47.3% of the network consisted of paved roads. Historically, the funds set aside for the maintenance and expansion of the road network have been insufficient, but major efforts are currently underway to modernize the country’s road infrastructure. India plans to spend approximatelyUS$70 Billion over the next three years.
According to recent estimates by Goldman Sachs, Indiawill need to spend US$1.7 trillion on infrastructure projects over the next decade to boost economic growth. In an effort to accomplish this, the government of Indiais attempting to promote foreign investment in road projects by offering financial incentives such as toll rights to developers. However, due to rising prices of petroleum, being a Non-renewable resource, foreign investors have urged the government to focus instead on improving public transport like the Indian Railways and rapid transit systems.
Conclusions
Looking into the above aspects it was seen that the waste plastics can be used to improve the physical properties of the aggregate. This modified aggregate is applicable in the construction of flexible pavements in order to increase the durability and performance. Following are the comparisons of the results obtained after conducting the tests.
1. Moisture Absorption of the aggregate which was 1.7% initially was brought to zero by coating the aggregates with PP8 and PP10 of plastics. This shows that the tendency of the aggregate to absorb the water was reduced due to the coating.
2. Aggregate Impact value of control specimen was 5.43%. It reduced to 4.91% for PP8 and 4.26% for PP10. Reduction in value was 10% for PP8 and 22% for PP10. This shows that the toughness of the aggregate was increased to face the impacts.
3. Crushing Value was reduced from 19.2% to 13.33% and 9.82% for PP8 and PP10 respectively. Value reduced by 30% for PP8 and 48% for PP10. The low aggregate crushing value indicates strong aggregates, as the crushed fraction is low.
4. Abrasion Value of the control specimen was found to be 13.42%. Coating of polymer over aggregate for PP8 increased abrasion value by 19.97% and 29.88%for PP10. This indicates the hardness of the aggregate.
5. Specific Gravity of the aggregate increases from 2.45 for control specimen to 2.7 for PP8 and 2.85 for PP10 due to plastic coating. The above comparison states that the coating of plastics over the aggregate increases the properties of the aggregate and eventually the performance of the flexible pavements. Hence it is recommended to use plastic. The only problem faced during this project is the shredding of plastics. To overcome this problem the shredding machines used should be easily available.
•Plastic will increase the melting point of the bitumen
•Use of innovative technology not only strengthened the road construction but also increased the road life
•Help to improve the environment.
•The plastic road would be a boon for India’s hot and extremely humid climate where durable and eco-friendly roads which will relive the earth from all type of plastic waste.
References
- Aravind K. , Das Animesh, (2007), “Pavement design with central plant hot-mix recycled asphalt mixes”, Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 21, Dept. of Civil Engg., Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, India, pp 928–936.
- Al-Hadidy A.I., Yi-qiu Tan (2009), “Effect of polyethylene on life of flexible pavements”, Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 23.
- Bandopandhyay T. K., (Jan. – Mar. 2010), “Construction of Asphalt Road with Plastic Waste”, Indian Center for Plastic in Environment (ICPE), ENVIS – Eco-Echoes, Vol.11, Issue 1.
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