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What Is Artificial Intelligence (AI)?

“Artificial intelligence is the study of how to make computers do things which, at the moment, people can do better.” Artificial Intelligence is the study of human intelligence such that it can be replicated artificially.

or “A branch of a computer science which studies the development of software and hardware which simulates human intelligence”.

But the question is how much intelligent? How can one judge the intelligence? as intelligent as humans. If the computers can, somehow, solve real-world problems, by improving on their own from the past experiences, they would be called “intelligent”. Thus, the AI systems are more generic(rather than specific), have the ability to “think” and are more flexible.

Thus, the AI systems are more generic(rather than specific), have the ability to “think” and are more flexible. Intelligence, as we know, is the ability to acquire and apply the knowledge. Knowledge is the information acquired through experience. Experience is the knowledge gained through exposure(training). Summing the terms up, we get artificial intelligence as the “copy of something natural(i.e., human beings) ‘WHO’ is capable of acquiring and applying the information it has gained through exposure.”

Intelligence is composed of:

Understanding
communication
Reasoning
Problem Solving
Listening
Thinking
Remembering
Working

Early History of Artificial Intelligence (AI):

1941 first electric computer was developed
1943 McCulloch & Pitts: Boolean circuit model of brain
1949 first “stored program” computer was introduced
1950 During the early 1950s, an English Mathematician wrote a paper titled “Computing Machinery and Intelligence” that gave birth to the research of Artificial Intelligence and put pressure on the humans to think that whether machines can actually have the ability to think like humans
1955 early chess playing programs demonstrated
1956 in Dartmouth conference birth was given to: “Artificial Intelligence”. The actual Artificial Intelligence research field was founded in theyear 1956 during the summer workshop at Dartmouth College by JohnMcCarthy (DeLooper, 2015)
1957 LISP language by John McCarthy at MIT
1965 expert system DENDRAL started at Stanford
1965 Robinson’s complete algorithm for logical reasoning
1966 expert system MACSYMA started at MIT
1969—79 Early development of knowledge-based systems
1970 implementation of the Prolog language
1972 expert system MYCIN developed at Stanford
1972 SHRDLU natural language robot demonstrated at MIT
1980 AI becomes an industry
1981 Commercial NLP system “Intellect” available from NLP group
1986 Neural networks return to popularity
1987 AI becomes a science
1995 The emergence of intelligent agents
1995-2007 HLAI (Human Level AI): AI should return to its roots of striving “machines that think, that learn”
Hays and Efros (2007): discuss the problem of filling in holes in a photograph
2008 Artificial General Intelligence or AGI: AGI looks for a universal algorithm for learning and acting in any environment
Halevy et al_ 2009: learning algorithm
2010: Image Net launched the Image Net Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC), their annual AI object recognition competition.
2010: Microsoft launched Kinect for Xbox 360, the first gaming device that tracked human body movement using a 3D camera and infrared detection.
2011: Watson, a natural language question answering computer created by IBM, defeated two former Jeopardy! Champions, Ken Jennings and Brad Rutter in a televise game.
2011: Apple released Siri, a virtual assistant on Apple iOS operating systems. Siri uses a natural-language user interface to infer, observe, answer, and recommend things to its human user. It adapts to voice commands and projects an “individualized experience” per user.
2012: Jeff Dean and Andrew Ng (Google researchers) trained a large neural network of 16,000 processors to recognize images of cats (despite giving no background information) by showing it 10 million unlabeled images from YouTube videos.
2014: Microsoft released Cortana, their version of a virtual assistant similar to Siri on iOS.
2014: Amazon created Amazon Alexa, a home assistant that developed into smart speakers that function as personal assistants.
2015: Elon Musk, Stephen Hawking, and Steve Wozniak among 3,000 others signed an open letter banning the development and use of autonomous weapons (for purposes of war.)
2015-2017: Google Deep Mind’s AlphaGo, a computer program that plays the board game Go, defeated various (human) champions.
2016: A humanoid robot named Sophia is created by Hanson Robotics. She is known as the first “robot citizen.” What distinguishes Sophia from previous humanoids is her likeness to an actual human being, with her ability to see (image recognition), make facial expressions, and communicate through AI.
2016: Google released Google Home, a smart speaker that uses AI to act as a “personal assistant” to help users remember tasks, create appointments, and search for information by voice.
2017: The Facebook Artificial Intelligence Research lab trained two “dialog agents” (chatbots) to communicate with each other in order to learn how to negotiate. However, as the chatbots conversed, they diverged from human language (programmed in English) and invented their own language to communicate with one another – exhibiting artificial intelligence to a great degree.
2018: Alibaba (Chinese tech group) language processing AI outscored human intellect at a Stanford reading and comprehension test. The Alibaba language processing scored “82.44 against 82.30 on a set of 100,000 questions” – a narrow defeat, but a defeat nonetheless.
2018: Google developed BERT, the first “bidirectional, unsupervised language representation that can be used on a variety of natural language tasks using transfer learning.”
2018: Samsung introduced Bixby, a virtual assistant. Bixby’s functions include Voice, where the user can speak to and ask questions, recommendations, and suggestions; Vision, where Bixby’s “seeing” ability is built into the camera app and can see what the user sees (i.e. object identification, search, purchase, translation, landmark recognition); and Home, where Bixby uses app-based information to help utilize and interact with the user (e.g. weather and fitness applications.)

Advantages & Disadvantages of AI

Advantages of Artificial Intelligence

Error Reduction
Difficult Exploration
Daily Application
Digital Assistants
Repetitive Jobs
Medical Applications

Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence

High Cost
No Replicating Humans
No Original Creativity
Unemployment

Applications of Artificial Intelligence

Game playing
General problem solving
Expert system
Natural language Processing
Computer vision
Robotics
Education
& Many More

Want to Learn Artificial Intelligence?

When compared to the previous decade, computer intelligence (AI) is growing at a faster rate. There is no doubt about the rise and evolution it has provided to technological advancement. There is currently a high demand for the jobs and skills and Employers are looking for people with diverse skill sets that AI technology includes, such as Machine Learning, Deep Learning, NLP, Speech Recognition, and many others. Companies such as Tesla, Google, Microsoft, Apple, Baidu, and others have begun to develop artificial intelligence-based products.

Hence Artificial intelligence is vital to living in today’s competitive environment and in the future. So, if you want to learn Artificial Intelligence but aren’t sure where to begin? So, we’ve compiled a list of the best (Free& Paid) artificial intelligence courses and platforms that will guide you through the process of combining deep learning, machine learning, and data science practices to develop your own AI and solve unique problems in any industry.

Artificial Intelligence Courses

1. Udacity

Udacity is the best online education platform who offers Nanodegree programs by collaborating with industry partners. “Introduction to Artificial Intelligence” was the 1st online course offered on Udacity and Over 160,000 students in more than 190 countries enrolled.

For more Information Click Here

2. Udemy

Udemy is the world’s largest online learning platform. It is aimed at professional adults and students. Udemy has more than 30 million students and 50,000 instructors teaching courses in over 60 languages. There have been over 245 million course enrollments.

For more Information Click Here. Learn Artificial Intelligence courses on Udemy.

Artificial Intelligence Courses On Udemy

Top Artificial Intelligence Courses on Udemy

1. Artificial Intelligence A-Z™: Learn How To Build An AI

2. Advanced AI: Deep Reinforcement Learning in Python

3. Artificial Intelligence for Business

4. Artificial Intelligence Masterclass

5. Artificial Intelligence in Web Design

Top online courses in Programming Languages

3. edx.com

EDX is an open online course provider created by Harvard and MIT. It hosts online university-level courses in a wide range of disciplines to a worldwide student body, including some courses at no charge. Here you can learn AI from the world’s best institutions like MIT, Harvard and from Industries like Google, IBM.