Digital signal processing – Diagram, Introduction

Block diagram of Digital Signal Processing

Fig: Block diagram of Digital Signal Processing

Digital Signal Processing Introduction

In the above figure, the concepts of Digital signal processing are explained with the help of a simplified block diagram, which consists of an analogue filter, an analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) unit, a digital signal (DS) processor, and a digital-to-analog conversion unit, (DAC) unit, as well as an anti-image reconstruction filter.

In real life, we frequently encounter the analogue input signal, which is continuous in time and amplitude, as illustrated in the diagram. Current, voltage, temperature, pressure, and light intensity are a few examples of such analogue signals. The nonelectrical signal is often converted to an analogue electrical signal (voltage) via a transducer (sensor). In order to reduce the frequency range of analogue signals before sampling, this analogue signal is supplied to an analogue filter.

Filtering is used to considerably reduce aliasing distortion. The band-limited signal from the analogue filter’s output is then sampled and converted into a digital signal that is discrete in both time and amplitude using the ADC unit. The digital signal is subsequently accepted by the DS processor, which then processes the data digitally in accordance with DSP guidelines like lowpass, highpass, and digital bandpass filtering or other algorithms for various applications. Also, DSP rules can be implemented using software in general. It is important to note that the DS processor unit is a special digital computer and can be a general-purpose digital computer, a microprocessor, or an advanced microcontroller.

The DS processor and associated software produce a processed digital output signal. The precise algorithm employed determines how this signal behaves. The processed digital signal is converted to an analogue output signal by the DAC unit, The received signal is discrete in amplitude and continuous in time (often a sample-and-hold signal). For practical applications, the last block in the above Figure is labelled as a function to smooth the DAC output voltage levels back to the analogue signal using an anti-image reconstruction filter.

DSP systems use software, digital processing, and algorithms; thus they have a great deal of flexibility, less noise interference, and no signal distortion in various applications. However, as shown in the above Figure DSP systems still require minimum analogue processing such as the anti-aliasing and reconstruction filters, which are musts for converting real-world information into digital form and digital form back into real-world information

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